Kev sib tham luv luv ntawm txoj kev npaj ntawm daim txhuam cev zirconium!
Sponge zirconium yog cov nyiaj-grey hlau uas zoo li hlau thiab ci iab. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, tub rog kev lag luam, nuclear tshuaj, thiab lwm yam.
Lub melting point ntawm daim txhuam cev zirconium yog 1852 cov ntsiab lus, lub ntsiab lus pab, lub boiling point yog 4377, thiab qhov ceev yog 6.49. Zirconium yooj yim absorbs hydrogen, nitrogen thiab oxygen. Zirconium muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov pa oxygen, thiab 1000 oxygen tuaj yeem yaj hauv zirconium, ua kom lub ntim tau zoo heev. Zirconium yog qhov ruaj khov hauv huab cua. Powdered zirconium yog ib qho yooj yim rau hlawv, thiab nplua zirconium tuaj yeem ignited nrog kev sib tw. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog yaj oxygen, nitrogen thiab hydrogen ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Kev faib tawm ntawm zirconium smelting khoom yog npaj raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov xws li industrial-qib daim txhuam cev zirconium, phom zirconium, nuclear-qib daim txhuam cev zirconium, thiab zirconium hmoov. Vim yog cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv zaum kawg, cov txheej txheem smelting kuj txawv.
1. Ntau lawm txheej txheem ntawm industrial sponge zirconium. Siv cov khoom siv zirconium oxide ua raw khoom, chlorination tau ZRCL4, uas yog txo rau nws cov hlau magnesium, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation yog siv kom tau cov qib industrial-qib daim txhuam cev zirconium. Zircon xuab zeb yog siv los ua raw khoom, thiab crude ZRCL4 yog tau los ntawm chlorination ncaj qha. Tom qab ntawd, ZRCL4 refined yog raug rau magnesium thermal txo thiab nqus distillation kom tau txais kev lag luam daim txhuam cev zirconium.
2. Sponge zirconium ntau lawm txheej txheem. Nuclear-qib daim txhuam cev zirconium yuav tsum cais hafnium, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem zoo ib yam li kev npaj ntawm cov ntawv txhuam hniav zirconium. Cov txheej txheem kev lag luam ntawm kev sib cais zirconium thiab hafnium yog ua raws li cov pa chloride raws li cov khoom siv raw: txoj kev sib cais cais, roj theem sib cais txoj kev nrog zirconium tetrachloride ua raw khoom, thiab step-by-step crystallization txoj kev nrog potassium bromate li raw khoom.
3. Electrolytic zirconium ntau lawm txheej txheem. Cov hmoov hlau ua los ntawm poov tshuaj bromate molten ntsev electrolysis yog tsim los ntawm kev tuag casting thiab smelting.
4. Thermal txo thiab hydrogenation ntawm zirconium hmoov. Txoj kev txo cov cua sov siv zirconium oxide ua raw khoom thiab calcium (calcium hydride) raws li txo tus neeg sawv cev los ua zirconium hmoov. Txoj kev hydrogenation yog siv los ua raw khoom, thiab hydrogen hydride tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm 400 ~ 800. Tom qab crushing thiab pob milling, dehydrogenation yog tau los ntawm 800-1000 kom tau cov hmoov.
Zirconium daim txhuam cev yog siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, tub rog kev lag luam, nuclear tshuaj, atomic zog, ntxiv hlau superhard cov ntaub ntawv, manufacturing alloy steel, uranium roj txheej alloy nyob rau hauv reactors thiab ntau lwm yam hom phiaj. Zirconium yooj yim tso tawm electrons ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom: Nws muaj zog corrosion kuj, ultra-siab hardness thiab lub zog. 702 zirconium pas nrig chaw tsim tshuaj paus tau hais tias: Txoj kev npaj ntawm zirconium daim txhuam cev suav nrog cov theem hauv qab no.
a. Cov cua kub sib xyaw ntawm zirconium tetrachloride thiab hafnium tetrachloride ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 331 kom tau txais cov roj sib xyaw.
b. Tom qab cua sov cov roj sib xyaw ua ke, sib tov nrog cov roj tiv thaiv, ua kom cov zirconium tetrachloride nyob rau hauv cov roj sib xyaw ua ke nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov roj da dej ntawm 317 ~ 330, thiab tom qab ntawd cais cov khoom zirconium tetrachloride thiab cov roj sib xyaw ntxiv.
c. Refining cov khoom tau txais zirconium tetrachloride tsawg kawg ib zaug kom tau txais atomic zog qib zirconium tetrachloride thiab concentrated trillion hafnium tetrachloride.
d. Txo qhov tau txais atomic zog qib zirconium tetrachloride kom tau txais atomic zog qib sponge zirconium. Txoj kev npaj ntawm atomic zog qib sponge zirconium ntawm qhov tam sim no invention muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem luv luv, txheej txheem sib cais raws li reagent, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab cov nqi qis.
