Tau qhov twg los thiab siv Nickel
Qhov chaw ntawm Nickel
Nickel yog 23rd feem ntau cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb pob zeb. Nws yog me ntsis ntau, tab sis dispersed, accounting rau ib feem ntawm 1% ntawm igneous pob zeb. Nickel hlau muaj nyob rau hauv meteorites (zoo li lwm yam khoom). Nws ntseeg tau tias molten npib tsib xee, ua ke nrog hlau, tsim lub hauv paus pob uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb lub hauv paus. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv feem ntau meteorites, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv hlau meteorites los yog siderites alloyed nrog hlau. Nws qhov nruab nrab concentration hauv dej hiav txwv yog 0.56ug/mL.
Nickel yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub hauv paus, suav txog li 7%. Muaj ntau ntau hom nickel ores, ib qho yog lub ntsiab ore ntawm nickel, hu ua bentonite (NiS? 2FeS) Chemicalbook, uas yog hlau / npib tsib xee sulfide. Lwm qhov yog cov ntxhia hu ua nicotine ore (NiAs), uas tau tshawb pom hauv xyoo 1751 thiab tau pom thawj zaug hauv thaj chaw mining hauv Sweden.
Txog tam sim no, thaj chaw nickel mining loj tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv Ontario, Canada, qhov chaw uas nws tau rov qab los ntawm lub meteorite loj heev uas ntseeg tau tias tau poob rau lub ntiaj teb. Txij li thaum ob lub ntiaj teb thiab meteorites tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov theem thaum ntxov ntawm lub hnub ci system, muaj ntau cov nyiaj npib tsib xee deposits yog ib qho laj thawj rau txoj kev xav tias lub ntiaj teb lub hauv paus yog molten nickel thiab hlau. Qee qhov nyiaj npib tsib xee kuj tau pom nyob hauv tebchaws Cuba, Dominican koom pheej, thiab Scandinavia. Cov kab nickel muaj nyob hauv av, thee, nroj tsuag, thiab tsiaj txhu.
Kev siv ntawm Nickel
Nickel plating yog siv ntau yam alloys, xws li nyiaj tshiab, Suav nyiaj, German nyiaj; nyob rau hauv npib, hluav taws xob boards, cia roj teeb; cov hlau nplaum, cov lus qhia xob laim, cov hluav taws xob tiv tauj thiab cov hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv kho tshuab; raws li ib tug catalyst rau hydrogenation ntawm roj thiab lwm yam organic tshuaj. Saib Raney npib tsib xee.
Kev tsim cov monel hlau, stainless hlau Chemicalbook, kub-resistant steel, tshav kub-resistant thiab corrosion-resistant alloys, nickel-chromium kuj hlau; nyob rau hauv alloys rau electronics thiab chaw siv. Siv Nickel yog siv ntau yam alloys, xws li German nyiaj, monel, thiab nickel-chromium; hauv npib; npib, hlau, thiab lwm yam. Hauv cov roj teeb cia; nyob rau hauv spark plugs; thiab raws li hydrogenation catalyst.
Kev npaj Nickel
Nickel yog tau los ntawm kev ua cov sulfide thiab ore ore concentrates siv cov txheej txheem pyrometallurgical thiab hydrometallurgical. Cov nickel matte tau los ntawm roasting thiab smelting yog ntxiv ntxuav los ntawm electrometallurgical, chav thiab hydrometallurgical refining txoj kev. Ib feem ntawm cov matte yog ci kom tau txais kev lag luam muaj nickel oxide agglomerates. 99.9% ntshiab nickel tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov txheej txheem electrolytic refining. Cov nickel purest (99.97%) yog tau los ntawm vapor theem metallurgy.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, tseem hu ua Mond's txheej txheem, sib tov ntawm npib tsib xee thiab tooj liab sulfide yog hloov mus rau hauv oxides thiab ces txo los ntawm cua sov nrog dej vapor ntawm 350-400 degree. Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm nickel yog kho nrog carbon monoxide kom tau txais cov nickel carbonyl [Ni(CO)]4]. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom kawg yog thim rov qab. Cov cua sov ua rau cov nickel thiab carbon monoxide ntshiab.
