Keeb kwm ntawm titanium daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv aviation pib nyob rau hauv 1953 nrog thawj kev siv titanium nyob rau hauv lub cav pods thiab firewalls ntawm DC-T tsim los ntawm Douglas nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Txij thaum ntawd los, titanium tau siv nyob rau hauv dav hlau rau yuav luag 50 xyoo. Vim tias nws muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig zoo uas tsim nyog rau kev siv dav hlau, titanium tau siv dav hauv kev dav hlau. Peb yuav tham txog qhov xav tau ntawm titanium hauv kev sib tham hnub no ntawm cov khoom siv dav hlau.
1.Titanium kev taw qhia
Thawj qhov kev lag luam ntawm titanium daim txhuam cev, lossis titanium, pib tsuas yog xyoo 1948 thaum US DuPont Company tsim tons ntawm titanium daim txhuam cev siv cov txheej txheem magnesium. Vim nws lub zog tshwj xeeb, zoo heev corrosion kuj, thiab kub kub kuj, titanium alloy yog siv dav thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam. Titanium nyob rau qib kaum ntawm kev nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, ntau dua li cov hlau xws li tooj liab, zinc, thiab tin. Xuab zeb thiab av nplaum yog ob hom pob zeb uas titanium muaj ntau heev.
2. cov yam ntxwv ntawm titanium
Lub zog siab: 1.3 npaug ntawm aluminium alloy, 1.6 npaug ntawm magnesium alloy thiab 3.5 npaug ntawm stainless hlau, tus yeej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau.
Siab thermal zog: kev siv kub yog ob peb puas degrees siab dua li ntawm aluminium alloy, thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev ntawm qhov kub ntawm 450 txog 500 degree.
Zoo corrosion kuj: resistant rau acid, alkali thiab atmospheric corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog tiv taus pitting thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion.
Cov khoom zoo uas tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias: titanium alloy TA7 nrog cov ntsiab lus qis heev tuaj yeem tswj tau qee yam ntawm plasticity ntawm -253 degree .
Kev ua haujlwm tshuaj lom neeg siab: muaj tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yooj yim reacting chemically nrog gaseous impurities xws li hydrogen thiab oxygen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los tsim ib tug hardened txheej.
Me me thermal conductivity, me me modulus ntawm elasticity: lub thermal conductivity yog hais txog 1/4 ntawm npib tsib xee, 1/5 ntawm hlau thiab 1/14 ntawm txhuas, thaum lub thermal conductivity ntawm ntau yam titanium alloys yog hais txog 50 feem pua qis dua li ntawm titanium. Lub modulus ntawm elasticity ntawm titanium alloys yog hais txog 1/2 ntawm cov hlau.
3.Classification thiab siv cov titanium alloys
Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant alloys, high-strength alloys, corrosion-resistant alloys (titanium-molybdenum alloys, titanium-palladium alloys, thiab lwm yam), low-temperature alloys, thiab tshwj xeeb functional alloys yog ib co pawg rau titanium alloys raws li lawv npaj siv ( titanium-hlau hydrogen cia cov ntaub ntawv thiab titanium-nickel nco alloys). Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias titanium thiab nws cov alloys tsis tau siv rau lub sijhawm ntev, lawv twb tau txais ntau yam khoom plig loj rau lawv qhov tshwj xeeb zoo. Vim nws lub zog, qhov hnyav qis, thiab ua haujlwm ntev mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau lub dav hlau thiab dav hlau. Kev lag luam aerospace tam sim no siv li ntawm 75 feem pua ntawm cov titanium thiab titanium alloys tsim thoob ntiaj teb. Muaj ntau yam khoom uas yav tas los tsim los ntawm titanium alloys tab sis yog Ameslikas tsim los ntawm aluminium alloys.
4. titanium alloy ntawm aviation daim ntaub ntawv
Titanium alloy feem ntau yog siv rau hauv dav hlau thiab cav tsim khoom, xws li forging titanium kiv cua, compressor discs thiab hniav, cav cowlings, tso pa thiab lwm qhov chaw, nrog rau lub dav hlau beam spacer thiab lwm yam structural qhov chaw. Artificial ntiaj teb satellites, lub hli modules, manned spacecraft thiab chaw shuttles kuj siv titanium alloy phaj welded qhov chaw.
Xyoo 1950 lub tebchaws United States thawj zaug hauv F-84 fighter-bomber raws li lub rear fuselage tshav kub ntaub thaiv npog, cua shield, tail cowl thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog-load-bearing Cheebtsam. 60's pib siv titanium alloy qhov chaw los ntawm lub rear fuselage mus rau lub fuselage, ib nrab es tsis txhob ntawm cov qauv steel manufacturing spacer, beam, flap swb thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb load-bearing Cheebtsam. 70's tom ntej no, pej xeem dav hlau pib siv titanium alloy nyob rau hauv loj, xws li Boeing 747 neeg nrog caij dav hlau nrog titanium muaj li 3640 Ntau tshaj 28 feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua technology, nyob rau hauv foob pob ua ntxaij, dag satellites thiab spacecraft, kuj siv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm titanium alloy.
Qhov ntau dua cov dav hlau, ntau titanium siv. US F-14Ib lub dav hlau dav hlau siv titanium alloy, suav txog li 25 feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau; F-15Ib dav hlau fighter rau 25.8 feem pua ; tiam thib plaub ntawm US fighter aircraft nrog 41 feem pua ntawm cov nyiaj titanium, nws F119 cav nrog 39 feem pua ntawm cov titanium, yog tam sim no tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm titanium aircraft.
5. Yog vim li cas vim li cas titanium alloys siv ntau hauv aviation
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev caij nkoj niaj hnub no tau mus txog ntau dua 2.7 npaug ntawm lub suab nrawm. Xws li lub davhlau nrawm nrawm yuav ua rau lub dav hlau rub tawm tsam huab cua thiab tsim kom muaj cua sov ntau. Thaum lub davhlau ceev nce mus txog 2.2 npaug ntawm lub suab nrawm, aluminium alloys tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus nws. Kev kub siab resistant titanium alloys yuav tsum tau siv.
Thaum lub thrust-rau-hnyav piv ntawm aero-engine yog nce los ntawm 4-6 mus rau 8-10, qhov kub ntawm lub compressor qhov hluav taws xob sib txuas tau nce los ntawm 200-300 degree rau 500-600 degree, tus thawj low-pressure compressor disc thiab hniav ua los ntawm txhuas yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau titanium alloy.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm titanium alloy kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb ua haujlwm, txuas ntxiv ua kom muaj kev vam meej tshiab. Tus thawj titanium alloy tsim los ntawm titanium, aluminium, vanadium, siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub ntawm 550 degree ~ 600 degree, thiab cov tshiab tsim titanium aluminium (TiAl) alloy, qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub tau nce mus rau 1040 degree.
Kev siv cov titanium alloys es tsis txhob siv cov hlau tsis muaj steel los tsim cov khoom siv siab compressor discs thiab cov hniav tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv. Rau txhua 10 feem pua yuav txo qhov hnyav hauv lub dav hlau, kev txuag roj ntawm 4 feem pua tuaj yeem ua tiav. Rau cov foob pob hluav taws, txhua 1kg qhov hnyav txo tuaj yeem nce qhov deb ntawm 15 km.
6.titanium alloy machining yam ntxwv tsom xam
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, titanium alloy thermal conductivity tsawg, tsuas yog 1/4 ntawm cov hlau, txhuas 1/13, tooj liab 1/25. vim tias qhov kub dissipation qeeb hauv cheeb tsam txiav, tsis zoo rau thermal tshuav nyiaj li cas, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem txiav, cua sov dissipation thiab txias nyhuv yog heev tsis zoo, yooj yim los tsim ib tug kub kub nyob rau hauv lub txiav cheeb tsam, tom qab ua qhov deformation rebound, ua nyob rau hauv nce torque tej cuab yeej, ntug hnav ceev, durability txo.
Thib ob, titanium alloy thermal conductivity tsawg, yog li ntawd txiav cov cua sov hauv cheeb tsam me me nyob ze ntawm lub cuab yeej txiav tsis yooj yim tawg, cov cuab yeej pem hauv ntej nto kev sib txhuam nce, tsis yooj yim rau nti, txiav cov cua sov tsis yooj yim rau disperse, accelerating. cuab yeej hnav. Thaum kawg, titanium alloy tshuaj lom neeg kev ua haujlwm siab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev hnov mob nrog cov khoom siv, tsim cov soluble, diffusion, uas ua rau cov nplaum nplaum, hlawv riam, tawg riam thiab lwm yam tshwm sim.
