Niobiumraug cais tawm hauv 1801 los ntawm Askiv chemist Hatchett, uas tau kawm ib daim hlau ore hauv British Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv London, thiab cov hlau yog thawj zaug los ntawm Swiss chemist hauv 1864 los ntawm kev txo cov chlorides nrog hydrogen.In 1951 lub Nomenclature Committee. ntawm International Association of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) txiav txim siab los koom ua ke siv niobium ua lub npe ntawm lub caij.
Niobium tau pib siv los ua cov filaments rau cov teeb ci, tab sis tsis ntev los no tau hloov los ntawm tungsten, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus melting ntau dua thiab zoo dua rau kev tsim cov roj teeb incandescent. Hauv xyoo 1920 nws tau pom tias niobium tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau, thiab qhov no tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv niobium hauv cov hlau thiab hlau; qhov tseeb, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tsuas yog 0.03-0.05 feem pua niobium rau steel nce lub zog ntawm cov hlau los ntawm 30 feem pua lossis ntau dua. los yog ntau dua. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm niobium tsis hloov cov qauv ntawm cov hlau, tab sis theej ua ke nrog cov pa roj carbon, nitrogen thiab sulfur hauv cov hlau los hloov cov microstructure ntawm cov hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, niobium kuj tseem txhim kho cov hlau lub zog, ua haujlwm rau qhov kub thiab txias oxidation, corrosion kuj, thiab txo cov hlau qhov kub hloov pauv, ua rau cov vuam zoo thiab tsim cov khoom.
Tswb Labs cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias niobium-tin alloys tseem tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj zog hluav taws xob thiab sib nqus, thiab niobium yog ib qho ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj plaws, uas ua rau niobium alloys yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau tam sim no.
Ib tug neeg tsim lub tsheb ciav hlau ceev ceev, nws lub log qhov chaw teeb tsa cov hlau nplaum superconducting, yog ua los ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas muaj niobium, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau nplaum muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, kom tag nrho lub tsheb ciav hlau levitation ntawm txoj kev ntawm qhov siab txog 10 centimeters. , tsis muaj kev sib txhuam ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev khiav, thiab yog li yuav tsum tau muaj zog me ntsis, lub tsheb ciav hlau tuaj yeem tso cai kom ncav cuag qhov ceev ntawm ntau tshaj 500 kilometers ib teev. Niobium thiab titanium superconducting cov ntaub ntawv kuj tau siv los tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob ncaj qha, uas yog me me, hnav, tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab tsim hluav taws xob 100 npaug ntau dua li lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm tib qhov loj.
Niobium kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj phais, muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, tsis cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam kua hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab tsis ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj, yog hloov tau rau txhua txoj kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov ntaub so ntswg organic. ntev thiab nyob twj ywm harmlessly nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Yog li, cov nplooj ntawv niobium tau siv los them rau kev puas tsuaj rau pob txha taub hau, niobium hlau tau siv los xaws cov hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg, niobium strips tau siv los hloov cov pob txha tawg thiab cov pob qij txha, thiab niobium yarn lossis niobium mesh ua los ntawm niobium hlau tau siv los them nyiaj. rau cov leeg, zoo li lawv tau loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha tiag. Qhov no yog vim li cas niobium tseem hu ua "biophilic hlau".
Niobium muaj txheej txheej valence electron ntawm 5 electrons, yog li nws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv redox zog. Nws qhov valence tuaj yeem nyob ntawm -1 mus rau +5, thiab thaum lub valence electron txheej tau raug tshem tawm tag nws pom muaj cov pa oxygen-phooj ywg kryptonite core, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua halide converter, oxidising tus neeg sawv cev, thiab txawm. rau activating carbon-hydrogen bonds. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias cov khoom muaj zog oxidising ntawm pentavalent niobium tuaj yeem siv los ntxuav cov pa phem, thiab txawm tias cov pa roj tsw qab tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim rau cov tsis muaj tshuaj lom los ntawm niobium saponite av nplaum.
Xyoo 2003, cov neeg Austrian kuj pom cov tshuaj zoo nkauj zoo nkauj nrog niobium, nto ntawm niobium hlau los ntawm electroplating niobium oxide zaj duab xis tuaj yeem tau txais refractive, sparkling nto, txawv thickness ntawm zaj duab xis kuj tuaj yeem tsim cov xim sib txawv, kom muaj ntau yam xim sib txawv. npib, uas tsub kom tus collector tus nqi ntawm cov npib no.
