Koj Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Niobium

(Qhov no yog niobium granules xaj los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, peb lav zoo thiab taug qab tag nrho cov phiaj xwm. thiab peb cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab heev tom qab kuaj xyuas cov khoom. Raws li cov khoom lag luam nrog ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm, peb ib txwm ua haujlwm rau cov neeg siv khoom nrog "cov cuab yeej zoo, cov ntaub ntawv zoo, thiab cov khoom zoo")

--Properties of element

Niobium yog cov hlau tsis muaj xim dawb nrog lub melting point ntawm 2468 degree, boilingpoint ntawm 4742 degree thiab ib tug ceev ntawm 8.57g / cm3.³. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub niobium yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab tsis tag oxidized thaum liab kub nyob rau hauv oxygen, nyob rau hauv high kub nws yog ncaj qha chemically ua ke nrog sulphur, ammonia thiab carbon, muaj peev xwm tsim alloys nrog titanium, zirconium, hafnium thiab tungsten, tsis ua nrog. inorganic acids los yog hauv paus thiab yog insoluble nyob rau hauv aqua regia, tab sis yog soluble nyob rau hauv oxyfluoric acid. Lub xeev oxidation ntawm niobium yog -1, +2, +3, +4 thiab +5 nrog rau +5 valence compound yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws.

--Lub cev muaj zog

Niobium yog ib tug lustrous grey hlau nrog paramagnetic zog thiab belongs rau pab pawg neeg 5 ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus. High purity niobium hlau yog ductile heev tab sis hardens nrog nce impurity cov ntsiab lus. Nws yog txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej electron sib txawv heev ntawm lwm pawg 5 lub ntsiab lus. Tib qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim nrog cov khoom ua ntej thiab nram qab no ruthenium (44), rhodium (45) thiab palladium (46).

--Cov khoom qhia

Niobium nthuav tawm cov khoom superconductor ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ntawm acritical kub ntawm 9.2K ntawm tus qauv atmospheric siab, nws yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho ib leeg-mass superconductors. Nws qhov sib nqus nkag qhov tob kuj yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus. Silver yog ib qho ntawm peb monatomic Class ll superconductors, qhov ob yog vanadium thiab technetium.Niobium muaj qhov tsawg heev capture cross section rau thermal neutrons thiab yog li ntawm kev siv ntau hauv kev lag luam nuclear.

--Chemical Properties

Niobium hlau yog qhov ruaj khov heev hauv huab cua ntawm chav tsev kub thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog huab cua. Txawm hais tias nws muaj qhov siab melting point nyob rau hauv nws lub xeev monolithic (2468 degree), nws qhov ntom yog qis dua li ntawm lwm cov hlau refractory.Niobium tseem tiv taus ntau hom kev yaig thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej txheem dielectric oxide.

Niobium tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob ntau dua li cov ntsiab lus zirconium, uas nyob rau sab laug, Nws qhov loj me ntawm atomic yuav luag zoo ib yam ntawm lub caij tantalum uas nyob hauv qab nws, vim yog cov nyhuv contraction ntawm lanthanide system, uas ua rau niobium tshuaj zoo ib yam li tantalum. , Txawm hais tias nws cov corrosion kuj tsis siab npaum li ntawm tantalum, nws yog pheej yig dua thiab ntau dua yog li nws yog feem ntau siv los hloov tantalum nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj kev xav tau xwm txheej.piv txwv li cov khoom siv txheej hauv cov tshuaj da dej hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj.