Raws li kev tsom mus rau kev txo qis carbon dioxide emissions nce nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, kev siv zog los tiv thaiv cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm kev khiav mus rau hauv huab cua los ntawm sequestering nws tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txaus siab. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua carbon capture and storage (CCS). Piv txwv li, Quest Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) chaw nyob ze Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, tau ntes thiab kaw ntau tshaj 6.8 lab tonnes ntawm carbon dioxide txij li thaum nws qhib thaum kawg ntawm 2015, thiab tau ruaj ntseg khaws cia 2 km hauv av. Corrosion-tsim cov ntaub ntawv thiab xaiv cov khoom siv tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb, txhim khu kev qha thiab kev lag luam ntawm CCS infrastructure. Qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig thiab dej dawb uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm ntau CCS cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem tsim cov kua qaub uas tuaj yeem ua rau corrosion ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob. Vim li no, nickel-muaj stainless hlau thiab npib tsib xee alloys nrog cov qib siab corrosion kuj yog qhov nyiam rau kev tsim cov khoom siv.
Cov pa roj carbon ntes tau los ntawm gases feem ntau yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem combustion thiab muaj cov dej noo ntau. Kev ntes thiab sequestration txheej txheem yog ua nyob rau hauv cov av noo thiab acidic tej yam kev mob, los yog yuav tsum tau kom qhuav ua ntej kom qhuav cov pa roj carbon dioxide, los yog tej zaum yuav nqa tawm nyob rau hauv kub kub thiab nyob rau hauv hnyav hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev thauj cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm kev ntes mus rau hauv av cia feem ntau yog los ntawm cov kav dej, kev xa khoom, cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab kev tsheb nqaj hlau, thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide yuav tsum tau ua kua dej ua ntej nws thauj mus rau qhov chaw cia. Cov cuab yeej siv los thauj carbon los ntawm kev ntes mus rau hauv av cia feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau uas muaj cov nickel, stainless hlau lossis npib tsib xee alloys.
Cov pa roj carbon dioxide txhaj rau hauv av cia yog feem ntau qhuav thiab tsis-corrosive. Tus tsim ntawm lub qhov dej yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm corrosion nyob rau hauv ib tug qaub ib puag ncig thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm lub qhov dej. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim tau zoo los ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab EU qhia tau hais tias cov nickel-muaj stainless hlau thiab npib tsib xee alloys feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov txheej txheem zoo tseem ceeb uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm corrosion. Tam sim no, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau tsim cov lus qhia meej rau kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm CO2 txhaj tshuaj qhov dej uas hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm npib tsib xee ua cov khoom siv rau hauv av CO2 cia.
Tsis tas li ntawd, International Association for Materials Performance and Protection (AMPP) tab tom tsim cov txheej txheem rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion rau CO2 thauj thiab txhaj tshuaj, txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj nickel raws li qhov kev xaiv rau kev tsim khoom. Qhov no qhia tias npib tsib xee yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv net-zero greenhouse gas emissions rau qee lub sijhawm tom ntej.
Cov kauj ruam twg tshwj xeeb hauv CCS txheej txheem puas nickel ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb? Kev rov qab los ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob ntawm cov chaw hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, uas muaj cov kab mob sulfur dioxide thiab dej thiab tsim cov kua qaub condensates uas tuaj yeem corrode carbon steel; kev nqus cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm cov kua dej ua kua (xws li amines), uas tuaj yeem ua rau acidic corrosive tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon dioxide absorber, kua amine tuav systems, thiab nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm vapor strippers qhov twg cov pa roj carbon dioxide huv si tawm; thiab cov txheej txheem rov qab los rau cov khoom absorbents, xws li kub-variable adsorption (TSA), uas kuj tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm cov roj ntws los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov absorbent, ib txheej txheem uas muaj cov av noo nrog kub hloov ntawm 40 degree thiab 100 degree, qhov twg. carbonic acid yuav raug tsim, yog li cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo yog ziab. Rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem no, kev siv austenitic nickel-muaj stainless hlau yog pom zoo, thaum nickel-muaj duplex stainless hlau yog pom zoo rau pre-capture blowers. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tshiab rau kev siv thiab ntes CO2, xws li Allam-Fetvedt lub voj voog tsim hluav taws xob, xav tau CO2 turbines thiab burners ua los ntawm cov nickel-muaj alloys, kub exchangers thiab high-temperature piping txuas rau ob lub Cheebtsam.
