Cov keeb kwm luv luv ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm niobium
Xyoo 1801, British chemist Charles Hatchett nrhiav pom niobium hauv ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ore hauv British Tsev khaws puav pheej, xa hauv 1734 los ntawm John Winthrop ntawm Connecticut, Tebchaws Asmeskas. Txij li thaum niobium thiab tantalum zoo sib xws, nws pib xav tias lawv yog tib yam khoom. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tias cov khoom sib cais los ntawm cov pob zeb no tsis yog chromic acid tab sis ib qho oxide ntawm cov hlau tsis paub. Txij li cov pob zeb no los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau tshawb pom los ntawm Columbus, txhawm rau ua kev nco txog nws keeb kwm, Hatchet hu ua cov ore Columbite (columbium). Qhov tseeb, vim tias ob lub ntsiab lus no zoo sib xws hauv qhov xwm txheej, ntau tus neeg xav tias lawv yog tib lub ntsiab lus. Xyoo 1809, lwm tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv, William Hyde Wollaston, yuam kev "tantalum" thiab "columbium" ua tib yam khoom, ntseeg tias lawv zoo ib yam hauv txhua qhov tshwj tsis yog qhov ntom ntom. ib yam.
Nyob rau hauv 1846, German chemist Heinrich Rose tau soj ntsuam txawv tantalum thiab columbium ores. Nws pom tias muaj lwm lub ntsiab lus ntxiv rau tantalum, uas yog ze heev rau tantalum, thiab muab qhov tshiab no Lub caij hu ua Niobium (Niobium yog muab los ntawm Greek mythological daim duab Niobe vim lub npe ntawm tantalum los ntawm Tantalos hauv Greek mythology, thiab Niobe. yog tus ntxhais ntawm Tantalos, uas tuaj yeem qhia qhov zoo sib xws ntawm tantalum thiab niobium). Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1864 thiab 1865, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias "columbium" thiab "niobium" yog tib lub ntsiab lus, thiab ob nqe lus tau tshwm sim rau xyoo tom ntej. Xyoo 1864, Swiss chemist Wilhelm Blomstrand tau txais hlau niobium thawj zaug los ntawm kev txo cov tshuaj chloride nrog hydrogen. Nyob rau hauv 1951, lub naming committee ntawm lub International Association ntawm Theoretical thiab Applied Chemistry txiav txim siab siv Niobium ua lub npe ntawm lub caij.
Niobium Industry Development
Niobium yog thawj zaug siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov teeb incandescent nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. Tab sis daim ntawv thov no tau hloov pauv sai sai los ntawm tungsten, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus melting ntau dua thiab tsim nyog rau kev ua cov roj teeb incandescent. Nyob rau xyoo 1920, cov cuab yeej ntawm niobium los ua kom lub zog ntawm cov hlau tau tshawb pom, uas txhawb nqa kev siv niobium hauv cov hlau. Niaj hnub no, kev lag luam steel tseem yog thaj chaw siv tseem ceeb ntawm niobium. Hauv xyoo 1940, daim ntawv thov ntawm tantalum-niobium superalloys tau tsim. Nyob rau xyoo 1950, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rho tawm thiab sib cais ntawm tantalum thiab niobium nteg lub hauv paus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam niobium. Xyoo 1961, Asmeskas tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas Eugene Kunzler thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau tshawb pom ntawm Bell Labs tias niobium-tin alloys tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv qhov muaj zog tam sim no thiab muaj zog sib nqus. daim ntawv thov.
Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1970, lub ntiaj teb kev noj niobium tau mus txog 1000-1200 tons, thiab thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1980, kev noj niobium tau nce mus rau 1600-1800 tons. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm los ntawm US Geological Survey nyob rau hauv 2014, nyob rau hauv 2013, lub ntiaj teb no zus tau tej cov niobium yog hais txog 51, 000 tons, thiab cov ntau lawm kuj concentrated. Kev tsim cov niobium hauv Brazil thiab Canada ib leeg suav txog li 98 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim niobium hauv ntiaj teb. North America thiab Europe yog thaj chaw siv niobium tseem ceeb, thiab Tuam Tshoj kuj yog cov neeg siv khoom loj niobium. Hauv xyoo 2010, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev noj niobium suav txog ib feem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev noj tag nrho. Tam sim no, kev lag luam niobium hauv ntiaj teb tau tsim los rau qib siab heev ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, smelting, kev siv thev naus laus zis, kev tsim khoom, kev tsim tawm, daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, thiab kev siv. Ntau yam khoom niobium kuj tau siv dav hauv hlau thiab hlau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, kev kho mob thiab lwm yam lag luam. Ntawm lawv, niobium muaj kev noj ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov hlau thiab hlau, suav txog li 90 feem pua ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb niobium noj.
